可靠物理实现主要靠输人（INPUT）及输出（OUTPUT）电路。PLC的I/O电路，都是专门设计的。输入电路要对输入信号进行滤波，以去掉高频干扰。而且与内部计算机电路在电上是隔离的，靠光耦元件建立联系。输出电路内外也是电隔离的，靠光耦元件或输出继电器建立联系。输出电路还要进行功率放大，以足以带动一般的工业控制元器件，如电磁阀、接触器等等。
    I/O电路是很多的，每一输入点或输出点都要有一个I或O电路。PLC有多I/O用点，一般也就有多少个I/O用电路。但由于它们都是由高度集成化的电路组成的，所以，所占体积并不大。
    输入电路时刻监视着输入状况，并将其暂存于输入暂存器中。每一输入点都有一个对应的存储其信息的暂存器。
    输出电路要把输出锁存器的信息传送给输出点。输出锁存器与输出点也是一一对应的
    这里的输入暂存器及输出锁存器实际就是PLC处理器I/O口的寄存器。它们与计算机内存交换信息通过计算机总线，并主要由运行系统程序实现。把输人暂存器的信息读到PLC的内存中，称输入刷新。PLC内存有专门开辟的存放输入信息的映射区。这个区的每一对应位（bit）称之为输入继电器，或称软接点。这些位置成1，表示接点通，置成0为接点断。由于它的状态是由输入刷新得到的，所以，它反映的就是输入状态。
    输出锁存器与PLC内存中的输出映射区也是对应的。一个输出锁存器也有一个内存位（bit）与其对应，这个位称为输出继电器，或称输出线圈。靠运行系统程序，输出继电器的状态映射到输出锁存器。这个映射也称输出刷新。输出刷新主要也是靠运行系统程序实现的。这样，用户所要编的程序只是，内存中输入映射区到输出映射区的变换，特别是怎么按输入的时序变换成输出的时序。这是一个数据及逻辑处理问题。由于PLC有强大的指令系统，编写出满足这个要求的程序是完全可能的，而且也是较为容易的。
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